The Prophet Muhammad and the Quran

Kubarev V.V., The Prophet Muhammad and the Quran, EESA #11 (75) 2021, Part. 6, pp. 4–17. Link: https://archive.eesa-journal.com/index.php/eesa/issue/view/54/101
https://www.doi.org/10.31618/ESSA.2782-1994.2021.6.75.187

Summary: Based on an independent analysis of artifacts, ancestral tree and astronomical phenomena related to the deeds, life and death of the Prophet Muhammad, as well as historical evidence of the first appearance and legal use of the Quran in the life of Muslims, the author drew conclusions about the integration of several historical figures of the VII and XII centuries into the personality of the Prophet Muhammad. They became Khagan Kubrat, aka Emperor Heraclius, the Arabian Prophet or Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphs and the true Prophet Muhammad, who lived in 1090–1052. The Quran was created in 1130–1152. The proposed interpretation does not undermine the canons of the faith of Islam, but establishes the truth. Keywords: Prophet Muhammad, Quran, Green Dome, Mecca, Medina, Rashidun Caliphs, Egypt, Pharaohs, Ramesses, Arab coins, chronology of religions, Kubrat, Heraclius, King David, King Solomon, Flavius, Bulgar.

Statement of problem: Traditional historiography, when dating the time of the Prophet Muhammad's life and the creation of the Quran, relies on established norms, as well as on the dubious linking of the day of the Prophet's son death with a partial Solar Eclipse on January 27, 632 in the South of Arabia. However, it is known that the Quran in its modern form appeared in the middle of the XII century, as well as the Green Dome over the grave of the Prophet in Medina.

The analysis of the last of research and publications: Modern publications in classical publications rely on Muslim authors, without questioning established norms. However, it has long been known that there are no artifacts in Palestine older than I century. The author's research has revealed a chronological shift in the history of Egypt by 1780 years, proving the presence in Egypt of the power of the Pharaohs Ramesses during the life of the Prophet Muhammad, about which there is no information in the Quran. The author also established an exact correlation of the ancestral tree of the Bulgarian and Pannonian Avar Kings, as well as the Emperors of New Rome, with the ancestral tree of the Prophet Muhammad.

Allocation unresolved before parts of the general problem: It is necessary to make an independent study and analysis of significant historical artifacts, including their dating, astronomical phenomena and ancestral ties associated with the Prophet Muhammad and the creation of the Quran, in the outline of the author's paradigm of the chronology of religions and the general history of mankind.

The purpose of clause: Substantiation of the author's paradigm of the chronology of religions and the hypothesis of the formation on the basis of the deeds of several historical figures of the personality of the Prophet Muhammad, who created the Quran in the middle of the XII century.

The basic material: In his works, the author adheres to the paradigm of the emergence of human civilization in the Volga region about 5500 years ago, put forward by Marija Gimbutas. Author justified a short chronology of Biblical events and monotheistic religions by identifying Patriarchs with historical figures and dating biblical astronomical phenomena [1–4]. In particular, the canonical family tree of the Prophet Muhammad [5] and the data of the Quran [6] were used for reconstruction. The author found a correlation between the ancestors of Prophet Muhammad and Kings of Bulgar, Avar and New Rome.
It should be noted that the author's study of the dates and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad, as well as the creation of the Quran, in no way aims to detract from the importance of Islam and the greatness of the Ambassador of Allah to Muslims.
The data of the family tree of the Prophet Muhammad [5], taking into account the genealogy of the Ugric Kings (Bulgars, Avars) and the mosaics of the Chora Church (Constantinople), we will summarize in Table No. 1 to the tribe of Lu’ayy, aka Prince Vladimir and Ka’b.

It should be noted that the Bulgarian name of Prince Vladimir was Kubar, i.e. the Head of God or the God of the Sun volume I, p. 52 [7]. In the ancestral tree of the Prophet Muhammad, the Ka’b (Cube) follows Lu’ayy (Vladimir), so the author believes that there is a split personality into two generations of the ancestors of the Prophet Muhammad.
The author in his works put forward and substantiated the hypothesis that all the Patriarchs of mankind are ethnic Ugrians (Haplogroup N1) from the Flavian–Russ family and originate from the Volga region and the Southern Urals, and not from the Middle East. The family of the King of Kings ruled for millennia in the expanses of Eurasia, giving mankind, from time to time, religious leaders, including the Lord Savior Jesus Christ and the Prophet Muhammad [4]. The Quraysh was Ugyr Urus Aidar, who was also baptized Leo, who converted to Islam in adulthood and is known to Muslims as An–Nadr (Ai–dar). Therefore, the well–established opinion that the Prophet Muhammad could have appeared in a family of nomads of Arabian Desert is untenable. Muslims attribute Muhammad to the descendants of Patriarch Ismail, identified by the author with the Constantius Chlorus, whose children are known and none of them remained to live in the Middle East.
After analyzing all available data, the author put forward an alternative hypothesis that the ancestor of the Prophet Muhammad named Murrah, the son of Ka’b, aka Lu’ayy, could be Prince Yaroslav the Wise (Mudriy) of Russ (978–1054). In this case, the nickname "Wise/Mudriy" could be transformed into the Arabic name Murrah. Then Yaroslav's eldest son named Ilya became known as Kilab, who disappeared from the chronicles of Russia after 1020, p. 161 [8]:
"And Yaroslav's son Ilya was born, and put in Novogorod, and die. And then get angry Yaroslav to Kosnyatin, and imprison him; and put your son Volodimir in Novogorod"
According to the author, Ilya (1000–?) converted to Islam and moved to Central Asia, where he founded the Seljuk Empire. In history, he is known as Tughril Beg (990?–1063) or literally Falcon–Prince, or Dawud Chaghri Beg (989–1060), also literally Falcon, which indicates that both belong to Russ and Rurikovich, whose coat of arms and totem was a Falcon. In addition, the territory of the Oghuz Yabgu State was part of the United Bulgaria, so representatives of the Russ family or the Saklan Dynasty, ethnic Ugrians (Haplogroup N1), descendants of the Quraysh Khagan Urus Ugyr Aidar or the Great Horseman Igor, the father of Djilki and Rurik, could rule there.
In the history of the Seljuks [9], the father of the Falcons – Tughril Beg and Dawud Chaghri Beg – was called Mikail/Mikhail, that is one of the names of Ilya's father was Mikhail, he is Yaroslav the Wise, and his grandfather was the first Seljuk that is Grand Prince Vladimir.
The successor of the Falcons was Alp Arslan or the Bold Lion (1030–1072), whose name echoes the Bulgarian name of Prince Yaroslav – Ar–Aslap [5]. In addition, one of the three Monomachos hats pp. 107–108 [7] was presented by the tsar of Volga Bulgaria Ibrahim to Prince Yaroslav and got to Prince Vsevolod, and the second Khan's hat was presented to the Sultan of the Seljuks Mahmud. Both facts indirectly confirm the connection of the Seljuks with the Rurikovich.
The genealogy of the Seljuks is legendary in order to hide the true origin of the Khans. According to the legends of the Seljuks [9], the first Seljuq "according to some sources" served the Khazar Khaganate. At the same time, the fact of the service of the father of a Seljuk named Tuqaq/Duqaq was not questioned was a Voivode of the Khazar Khagan. Yaroslav the Wise's father was Vladimir, with the Bulgarian name Kubar – Beg and the Voivode of the Khazar Khaganate, who surrendered Itil to his uncle and adoptive father Prince Svyatoslav [7, 10].
According to the historical chronicles of Russia, several sons and grandsons of Yaroslav the Wise "disappeared" from Russian historiography. We are talking about Ilya, Igor and Vyacheslav. At the same time, Igor and his children visited the Tmutarakan Principality in the North Caucasus then their fate was covered with darkness. Igor's sons, David and Vsevolod, were declared rogue Princes [11] and did not inherit their father. Note that the author's hypothesis about the origin of the Seljuks needs further research.
The updated data of the family tree of the Prophet Muhammad [5], taking into account two versions of the tree of the Ugric Kings (Bulgars, Avars, Seljuks), will be summarized in the Table No. 2 from the tribe of Lu’ayy/Ka’b, aka Vladimir, and before Muhammad.

Let us turn to the information about the Prophetic movement in Arabia in the first third of the VII century. Then there were several bright preachers of monotheism, whom others considered to be false Prophets. We are talking about Al–Aswad al–Ansi (?–632), who died a few days allegedly before the death of the true Prophet Muhammad; Musaliymah al–Kazzab (?–632/634); a woman Sajah bint Al–Harith (VII century); Tulayha ibn Khuwaylid ibn Nawfal al–Asadi (?–642) and Saf ibn Sayyad (VII century).
Traditionally, historians consider the Prophet Muhammad's lifetime to be 570–632. The year of the Prophet's death was determined relatively recently by the time of the death of the youngest son Ibrahim, allegedly on January 27 (28 Shawwal) 632 [2]. The annular eclipse of the 99th Saros lasted 1 min 40 seconds with a maximum over India at 06:45 UT or 12:15 local time and was nondescript. The width of the shadow was narrow – only 78 km and it moved along the tip of Arabia 1100 km south of Medina at sunrise around 7:30 a.m. local time. The chronicles did not mention that the eclipse was partial. The Prophet died four months after this event. At the same time, information about the Prophet Muhammad is contained in the Chronicle of Theophanes for the year 621/630 [12]. According to the author, the paragraph about the death of the "Mughamed leader and false Prophet of Saracen" is a late insertion and forgery, stylistically and meaningfully inconsistent with the rest of the chronicle articles.
Theophanes makes the first mention of Omar (Umar ibn al–Khattab), the leader of the Saracens, only in 625/634 and subsequent years until 637/646 [12], the year of his death. The difference in the dates of Muhammad's death and Umar's coming to power is four years, not the traditional two. There is also no connection between the coming to power of Abubahar (Abu Bakr al–Siddiq) in 634, who ruled for less than two years, and the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 630/632. The author believes that the insertion of the biography of the real Prophet Muhammad into the history of the Rashidun Caliphs is artificial and was done no earlier than the XII century. Next, consider other arguments.
It is a well–known fact that the first Muslim Ummah moved from Mecca to Yathrib, the future Medina, on July 14–16, 622. At this move, the Prophet Muhammad himself was not there, he allegedly joined them later apparently on September 24, 622 [13]. But the future Rashidun Caliphs participated in the resettlement, and Abu Bakr hid in a cave for three days, allegedly with Muhammad. However, the Rashidun Caliph Umar ibn al–Khattab introduced a new Hegira chronology in 637. Therefore, there is no direct connection between Muhammad and the Hegira. The Rashidun Caliphs were the leaders of the Muslim Ummah Abu Bakr al–Siddiq (632–634), Umar ibn al–Khattab (634–644), Uthman ibn Affan (644–656) and Ali ibn Abi Talib (656–661).
The author believes that in fact the name Muhammad was a nickname, not a name given at birth. Therefore, it is still difficult to consider which of the preachers in VII century Arabia became the prototype of the Prophet. It is really impossible to confirm the established Islamic mythology with artifacts and documents. Most likely, the first Muslims believed in the coming of their Prophet, as Christians believed in the coming of the Savior, who was called Muhammad. As part of these expectations, children began to be given appropriate names, after which rulers and preachers with the name Muhammad began to appear.
The Shahada of Islam includes the words "Muhammad is the Messenger (Ambassador) Allah", but does not give any information about the time and place of the Prophet's life.
There was also an opinion, which was recently revised under pressure from Muslims to assert the authority of Islam that the Quran was given to Muhammad during his lifetime and was transmitted orally by believers to each other for more than 300 years, after which it was recorded in the form of a book.
The next important argument against the appearance of the Prophet Muhammad and the Quran in the VII century is the Muslim coins, which entered circulation only at the beginning of the VIII century in the Umayyad Caliphate, which used Byzantine money. Before that, the Rashidun Caliphate had no coins of its own, as well as the symbols of the faith of Islam on them. At the same time, the Umayyad coins had images of rulers and the inscription of the Shahada "I bear witness that there is no deity but God."
Over time, "non–canonical" coins were either withdrawn from circulation or re–minted with the correct inscriptions, so the obverse was worn out, and the reverses were obtained with little damage to the surface.
The author believes that the Shahada with the name of Muhammad appeared on coins only in the Abbasid caliphate after 775, when Caliph Muhammad al–Mahdi (744–785) came to power, then al–Amin (787–813), there were 7 different Caliphs with the name Muhammad. Apparently, all Muslim rulers wrote their names on coins, being called messengers of Allah for the period of their reign, until the real Prophet Muhammad was born, and the coinage was ordered by canons.
In addition, if the Quran appeared in the VII century and was a strict standard for believers and caliphs, then where did the discrepancies in the writing of quotations from the Quran on coins come from? As an example, consider the dirham of Caliph Harum al–Rashid (Figure No. 1), minted in 803 or 804 [14]. The coin bears the inscription "There is no God but Allah Alone and there is no companion for Him", as well as the inscription "Muhammad the Messenger of Allah sent him with the instruction and confession of truth in order to exalt it above other faiths, even if it was abominable to the pagans."
We can easily find the differences between this phrase and a quote from the Quran [6]: "Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, he sent him with guidance and the true religion so that he would exalt it above all religions."

Figure No.1. Dirham of Caliph Harum al–Rashid minted in 803 or 804.

According to Muslim tradition, Muhammad is the final Prophet before the end of the world and he came into the world after the appearance of Jesus Christ.
Let us pay attention to the frequency of mentioning in the Quran [6] the names of all the Prophets and the Savior. The name Muhammad is used in the Quran only five times (3:144, 145, 33:40, 47:2, 48:29) and once as Ahmad (61:6). The forefather Adam is mentioned 25 times in the Quran, Nuh/Noah – 43 times, Ibrahim/ Abraham – 69 times, Musa / Moses – 136 times, Davud/King David – 17 times (17:53–55, 2:249–251, 21:78–82), like Sulaiman/King Solomon (27:15–44, 38:30–40, 34:12–18), and the Prophet Yahya/ John the Baptist – 5 times (3:38–41, 6:85, 19:7–15).
At the same time, the only woman mentioned in the Quran is Maryam Bint Imran/ Virgin Mary, Surah No. 19 is dedicated to her. Total mentions of Mary 7 times (3:36, 37, 3:42–45, 4:156, 19:16, 19:28, 21:91). Jesus Christ is explicitly mentioned 25 times (2:87, 2:136, 2:253, 3:45, 3:52,3:55, 3:59, 3:84,
4:157, 4:163, 4:171, 5:46, 5:78, 5:110, 5:112, 5:114, 5:116, 6:85,19:34, 33:7,
42: 3, 43:63, 57:27, 61:6, 61:14), and directly or indirectly – 187 times.
It is implied that all the above–mentioned figures of monotheistic religions lived before the birth of Muhammad, so they are known to the author of the Quran, and vice versa, if they lived after the birth of the Prophet, then he could not know them.
In addition, the author proved that the Pharaohs Ramesses were contemporaries of the Prophet Muhammad [4], and the Rashidun Caliphs conquered Egypt, but there is not a single word about the Pharaohs in the Quran.
It should be noted that the Talmud began to be written in the first half of the VII century and was completed in a couple of hundred years. There is no mention of Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary in the Holy Book of the Jews. At the same time, there are references to parables and stories about David and Solomon – contemporaries of the authors of the Talmud.
According to recent studies [1–4], King David is identified with Emperor Heraclius I (575–641), also known as Khagan Kubrat, who should be a contemporary of the Prophet Muhammad. During his lifetime, he was recognized as a Prophet and received the Title King David in 629 [15]. Heraclius/Kubrat / King David spent many years in the Middle East in continuous wars with the Persians and Arabs. Without any doubt, his personality served the Arabs as an example of a preacher of the religion of monotheism. According to the author's hypothesis, the personality of Kubrat served as a prototype of the Prophet Muhammad and integrated into a single personality of the Prophet, separated into the VII and XII centuries. Whether Kubrat was the author of the Creed of Islam, we do not yet know. Perhaps one of the prototypes of the Prophet Muhammad was one of the Rashidun Caliphs. Thus, in Muslim mythology, two or three historical figures were integrated into one person.
The next Prophet of monotheism is Solomon, whom the author identifies with Emperor Justinian Rhinotmetus and Khagan Sulabi [1–4], as well as Caliph Sulayman, who lived in the VII–VIII centuries. Therefore, the traditional Muhammad and the Quran could not have known this Prophet.
The penultimate Prophet of Christianity is considered John the Baptist or Yahya in the Muslim tradition. Grave of John is located in the Chapel of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, erected no earlier than the VIII century, and the Chapel itself with the grave appeared only in the XI century and was completed inside the main hall of the Mosque. It is logical to assume that John died at the beginning of the XI century. According to the author's reconstruction, he lived in 979–1010.
The Virgin Mary or Maryam Bint Imran is respected in Islam and is mentioned many times in the Quran. However, when studying the texts of the Creed of Christians before the XI century, we do not find the name of the Virgin in it. This concerns the ancient text of the Nicene Creed (without subsequent corrections), the Athanasius Creed (Athanasius of Alexandria, 295–378) and the Creed adopted at the baptism of St. Vladimir 6496 (988) [15]. According to author's reconstruction of history [1–4], the Virgin Mary Vladimirovna lived in the 961–1060 and was buried in the limit of John the Baptist in the Cathedral of the Dormition in the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. Her spiritual father Joachim, aka Imran in Islam, he is also Bishop of Chersonesus and Archbishop of Novgorod, died in the XI century and currently rests in the Cathedral of St. Sophia of Great Novgorod.
Jesus Christ lived a long life (980–1010–1054) [1–4], circumnavigated the whole Earth, visited the Middle East many times. After birth, he was recognized as the Amir of Mecca (Isa ibn Jafar, Amir of Mecca, 980–994). He was crucified on Mount Beykoz (Adam's Head) in the Asian part of the Bosphorus/Pontus Galaticus on March 18, 1010, resurrected on the day of the vernal equinox on March 20, 1010. At the moment of the crucifixion, an annular eclipse occurred, lasting 4 minutes 36 seconds at 15:33 UT or 18:33 Constantinople time at sunset, the 94th Saros. Jesus died of old age in China in the city of Qufu at the end of May or July 1054 (XI century). It is most likely that the Prophet Muhammad (1090–1152) is a direct descendant of Jesus Christ in the male line.
An important confirmation of the author's version of the genealogy of the Prophet Muhammad is the complete identification of Hashim's great–grandfather with a real historical figure – Abu Hashim Muhammad ibn Jafar, Amir of Mecca (1069–1094). It is believed that the great–grandfather of the Prophet Muhammad was the Amir of Mecca and took care of the pilgrims in the Kaaba, but there is no data on the institute of Emirs in Mecca for the VI century. At the same time, it is known that the grave and mausoleum of Hashim/Amr is located in the Sayed al–Hashim Mosque in Gaza, built in the XII century. Why was the mausoleum and Mosque erected 600 years after Hashim's death, and how could the grave have survived?

The author proved [1] that the Quran in the form of Holy Book appeared only in the 1160s, when the custom of swearing on the Quran arose. The first oath on the Quran was recorded in 1178 in Volga Bulgaria, volume III, page 59 [7]. At the same time, in the Chronicles of Volga Bulgaria there is no mention of the Prophet Muhammad and the Quran earlier than 1178, and Islam became the religion of the Bulgars from the VIII–IX centuries. The first treatise on the benefits of swearing on the Quran was written by ibn Qudamh al–Maqdisi in the 1170s [17].
According to the author's reconstruction, the Prophet Muhammad lived in 1090–1152 and created the Quran in 1130–1152. However, since the advent of Islam in the VII century, theologians have made numerous attempts to write a Holy Book of Muslims. For the most part, they stayed in Damascus, cultural and theological center of the Middle East. There, separate Ayah and Surah were created, which were included in the Quran in the edition of the Prophet Muhammad.
If the biography of the Prophet Muhammad is generally correct, then the death of his son Ibrahim could have been accompanied by an eclipse of the sun on February 7 (28 Shawwal) 1152 of the annular type (A) with a phase of 0.924, at 11:15 UT (14:15 local time), lasting 9:18 minutes, with a shadow width of 288 km (107th Saros). The Shadow of the Moon (Figure No.2) passed through Mecca and Medina [1, 2]. The Prophet Muhammad died four months after this sad event.

Figure No.2. Solar eclipse annual type 07.02.1152, 107th Saros.

According to traditional history, the grave of the Prophet has been without proper honor for more than 500 years. It is located in the Medina in the Al–Masjid an–Nabawi Mosque under the Green Dome. It is known that the burial was arranged in the XII century, and the Green Dome was built in 1279 and rebuilt in the XV century after a fire. In 1837 the dome was painted green [18].
It is logical to assume that the Prophet Muhammad was buried in the second half of the XII century near the graves of the Rashidun Caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al–Khattab, where a protective structure appeared to restrict the access of believers, and then they built a Green Dome. The structure of the burial of the Rashidun Caliphs and the Prophet Muhammad suggests that the Caliphs were first buried (in the center lies Abu Bakr), and then the Prophet Muhammad.
In conclusion, we note that the Arabic mythology associated with the genealogy of the Prophet Muhammad is borrowed. Many figures of early Islam and rulers of the Middle East tried to justify their kinship with the Quraysh kin, supposedly an ancient tribe of Arabia. However, in fact, Quraysh/An–Nadr is identified by us with Urus Ugyr Aidar, the Head of the Khaganate of Russ. As a child, he was baptized with the name Leo, as the son of Emperor Constantine VI the Blind, but then renounced Christianity and converted to Islam.

Burial place: Prophet - 1, Abu Bakr - 2 and Umar ibn al-Khattab - 3.

The nickname Quraysh comes from the name of Kuri (Buri) is the Finno–Ugric and Bulgar deity of the moon, hunting, military valor, victory and glory, volume II, p. 60 [7]. The K(Q)uri took the form of a wolf or a leopard. The Bulgars were named after him, as part of the ancient Roman people. The first ancient Quraish among people was Romulus, the founder of Rome [19]. According to legend, Romulus was deified after his death and became known as Quiri(nus). An–Nadr/Urus Ugyr Aidar was a direct descendant of Romulus–Kuri–Quirin and was nicknamed in honor of his forefather. Accordingly, the Quraysh and the Prophet Muhammad were ethnic Ugrians, Haplogroup N1. The Semitic and Arab tribes of Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East are not directly related to the family of the King of Kings and the family of Quraysh. They have formed a false mythology to justify their power and authority in the Muslim world.
To confirm or refute the author's reconstruction of history, it is necessary to test the DNA of the remains of the Prophet Muhammad and his sons, as well as to perform a DNA study of the rulers and clans of Arabia and the Middle East for compliance with their Ugric Haplogroup N1.

Conclusions of our research: According to the author, the historiography of Islam and the dating of the life of the Prophet Muhammad, as well as the dating of the creation of the Quran, are mythological, not factual. The preserved graves, structures and artifacts associated with the Prophet Muhammad actually date back to the XII–XIII centuries. The study of the relationship between the ancestral tree of the Prophet and the time of life and burial of the last Prophets of Christianity shows that Prophet Muhammad belongs to the Kin of Russ and the Ugric Kings, Haplogroup N1. To confirm or refute the author's hypothesis, it is necessary to conduct thorough DNA testing of remains and artifacts related to the Prophet Muhammad and his relatives.

Pr. Dr. Valeriy Viktorovich Kubarev. 11–30.11.2021.

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