Syncing the chronicles of Rome and Egypt

Kubarev V.V., Syncing the chronicles of Rome and Egypt, EESA #3 (67) 2021, Part. 4, pp. 4–16. Link: https://archive.eesa-journal.com/index.php/eesa/issue/view/29/59

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.31618/ESSA.2782-1994.2021.4.67.5

Summary: Based on a thorough analysis of details of military campaigns and astronomical phenomena from the chronicles of Ancient and New Rome, Ancient Egypt and Persian sources, the author confirmed the chronological shift in the history of Ancient Egypt by 1780 years in the past. The author also revealed the complot of historians to conceal the existence of Ancient Egypt in I millennium by masking the deeds of the Egyptian Pharaohs of the New Kingdom for the non-existent activity of the Kings of the Sasanian Empire. Keywords: Ancient and New Rome, Ancient Egypt, New Kingdom, Sasanids, Mitanni, Naharin, Hittites, Sherdens, Greater Israel, Kubrat.

Statement of problem: In his research, the author discovered a chronological shift in the history of Egypt by 1780 years. The New Kingdom, according to the author, was created by the Gordian Emperors, ethnic Germans. However, according to traditional historiography, in the Middle Ages there is no mention of any activity of the Pharaohs, as well as the presence of evidence of large-scale military clashes between Roman, Egyptian and Persian troops. At the same time, there are many references to frequent Roman-Persian Wars that have no economic or geopolitical justification.

The analysis of the last of research and publications: Behind the tons of literature about very Ancient Egypt, you can barely hear the statements and articles of scientists and archaeologists about the discrepancy between the facts of generally accepted dates. In Israel archaeologist Ze'ev Herzog claims that there are no artifacts older than I century in Israel. In addition the author's research proves that the history of Ancient Rome and Ancient Egypt are interconnected and has common beginning.

Allocation unresolved before parts of the general problem: The author previously synchronized the chronicles of Rome and Egypt, as well as Biblical history, astronomical phenomena, and biographies of historical figures of the past – Pharaohs, Kings, Emperors, and Patriarchs. The analysis of the dates, details and facts of the military companies involved in the history of the past: Ancient and New Rome, Egypt and Persia, remained out of sight.

The purpose of clause: The purpose of this study is to synchronize the chronicles of Rome and Egypt by identifying the relationship between the facts, geography, and dates of the military companies involved in the history of the past: Ancient and New Rome, Egypt, and Persia.

The basic material: In our works we adhere to the paradigm of the emergence of human civilization in the Volga region about 5500 years ago. This hypothesis was first proposed by Marija Gimbutas in 1956 [1–4]. In our research in 2009, we confirmed this theory by linking it to the outline of historical events of the past [5], and also clarified the chronology and localization of Ancient Egypt and Rome [6,7]. The author justified a short chronology of Biblical events and Monotheistic religions [8]. In addition our conclusions are confirmed with an accuracy of several years by a cascade of astronomical phenomena in ancient chronicles and Scriptures [9]. The work done made it possible to independently synchronize historical and religious chronicles [10].
The author claims that the factors of the Late Bronze Age collapse [11] in the Mediterranean region should have affected the Nile Delta, so the African civilization could also have perished. The discovered chronological shift in the history of Egypt by 1780 years allowed us to accurately determine the beginning of the history of Egypt and the future of Rome as 1188 BC – the flight of the Trojans under the leadership of Aeneas from the defeated city. The White Walls fortress – Alba Longa or Inebu Hedj was built around 1172 in the area between the Volga and Don rivers. The history and facts of the period before the Middle Kingdom of Egypt and the royal period of Rome are legendary and difficult to assess the military companies of the parties. The author has previously proved [6,7] that the Middle Kingdom of Egypt falls exactly on the dates of the reign of the Ptolemaic dynasty. This was followed by the era of the occupation of Egypt by the Hyksos (shepherd Kings of the Volga region and Asia), which the author accurately identifies with the Roman conquest of Egypt at the end of I century BC.
The Hyksos / Romans were driven out of Egypt by the Gordianus Emperors, ethnic Germans (Haplogroup R1b1), and natives of Egypt in the 240s. The Gordian’s became the founders of the New Kingdom when Gordian II and Gordian III became known as the Pharaohs Kamose and Ahmose I. The author proved [6] that the details of the biographies of the Pharaohs and Emperors have numerous coincidences. After the reign of the Gordianus (Gordian) Emperors, there is a documentary opportunity to analyze the details of the military companies of Egypt and Rome to synchronize the chronicles of the states.
We put all the relevant data in the Table No. 1, which reflects the events, dates and names of the rulers of their chronicles of Rome, Persia and Egypt, taking into account the chronological shift of 1780 years in the history of Egypt.

The formation of the New Kingdom was accompanied by the first Sasanian War with Rome led by Alexander Severus [12] in 231–232. In parallel, in Egypt there was unrest over the separation of the country from Rome (Cossonius Scipio/Tao I, Gordian I/Tao II, Gordian II/Kamose and Gordian III/Ahmose I). After the death of Severus, the Gordian Emperors came to power as a result of the troubles, but they ruled in Africa, that is in Egypt and not in Rome.
Gordian I, Gordian II, and Gordian III fought the Roman and Numidian armies in western Egypt. The Pharaohs Tao II, Kamose, and Ahmose I fought the Nubians and Hyksos. The author believes that here the Nubians and Numidians are one people from the region of Carthage, and the translation of the Egyptian chronicles is erroneous. The Pharaohs rebelled against the Hyksos, who were Romans.
However, Gordian III / Yahmose I was already at war not only with the Nubians/ Numidians, but also with the Asians. The Pharaoh went to Syria twice, the last time at the end of his reign, and the Emperor undertook a Persian campaign in 244 and lost a battle to Persians in Mesopotamia. It is believed that he died there, but in fact Gordian III/Ahmose I returned to Egypt and reigned there until 265 [13].
Therefore, the wars of Rome with Persia of the period 244–265 are actually the wars of Egypt and Persia.
The next Roman–Persian War falls on 296–298. The troops of Rome were commanded by Galerius. He was captured by the royal wagon train and family members. The Peace of Nisibis (Nusybin) was concluded, according to which the Romans remained in Mesopotamia, and the border between the countries passed along the Tigris.
According to Egyptian sources, Thutmose I undertook a military campaign in Mesopotamia. The Persians were defeated, and lost many prisoners. After the victory, the Pharaoh established a Stele as the boundary of his possessions on the banks of the Euphrates [13]. Later Thutmose III found it and placed his Obelisk next to it.
In fact, we are talking about the war of Egypt and Persia, passed off as the Roman-Persian War. The description of this period of time in historiography needs to be refined perhaps Rome and Egypt were allies. However, it is more likely that the Egypt of the New Kingdom era was controlled by a weakened Rome.
During the period of peace between the Romans and the Persians, there was a serious war in Mesopotamia in 322–323 [14], when the Persian troops under the leadership of the King's son Narseh invaded Mesopotamia and were allegedly defeated by Constantius.
According to the author's reconstruction of the history of Egypt [5–7], in the 322–324, a large-scale military campaign of Thutmose III was carried out to capture Mesopotamia, the Hittite Kingdom and Mitanni [15,16]. The Pharaoh was opposed by the troops of Kadesh King (Constantine the Great) with allies on the Orontes River (Turkey and Syria). The Egyptians were victorious, and the King's son was captured. Thutmose III then led a series of military campaigns against the Hittite Kingdom and Mitanni (Naharin country).
According to the author's reconstruction, the Hittite Kingdom is the Byzantine Empire, and Mitanni is the territory of Bulgar and Khazaria: the Caucasus, Kuban, the Caspian region and the southern Volga region – the Delta of the Volga and Akhtuba. The Island of Akhtuba in I millennium BC was called Lower Egypt. It was returned to the rule of the Egyptian Pharaoh after 800 years. Figure No. 1 shows map of Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, and the Caspian region, where the areas of the Kingdom of Hattusa and Mitanni are marked. It is in Mitanni that the Egyptian chronicles describe a river flowing from North to South, opposite to the Nile. We are talking about the river Volga/Ra/Itil. The conquest of vast territories of Asia and parts of Europe by Thutmose III took place in ten campaigns. As a result, Ancient Rome/Itil on Akhtuba and the Island part of the city – the former Memphis of antiquity – were captured. These events belong to the period 330–342.
Under the influence of the military defeats of Rome from the Egyptians, Constantine the Great decided to move the capital to Byzantium, later called Constantinople. The city was rebuilt in the 324–330s and was proclaimed the New Rome in 330. The era of construction exactly falls on the expansion of Thutmose III in the territory of Ancient Rome and its allied states in Asia (Naharin country). The success of Egypt caused the collapse of the circulation of gold coins in the Roman Empire in 324, when the country was cut off from the gold mines.
At the end of his reign, Thutmose III ordered a special Obelisk to be made and taken to the embankment of Constantinople, where it lay from 354 to 390, when Theodosius the Great, as an act of reconciliation with Egypt, installed an Obelisk on the Hippodrome.
The mentioned events of the conquests of Thutmose III in the 330s correspond to the data of the official historiography about the aggravation of relations between Rome and Persia and military campaigns in Mesopotamia [17]. There is no single description of the companies, because historians consider them speculative. We are dealing with forgery and complot, because then there were no wars between Rome and the Sasanids, but there were defeats and losses of territories in favor of the New Kingdom of Egypt.
In the Chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor for 341 (about 350), it is indicated that the "New Pharaoh Savor" attacked Nisibis, then was defeated and fled to his homeland. The author believes that the chronicles of Theophanes were purged and edited not earlier than the XVI century, when Pharaoh Thutmose III began to be called the Persian King Savor / Shapur.
The next episode of the Roman-Persian War was the company of 361–363. Emperor Julian II led an attack on Mesopotamia, where he was fatally wounded by a spear on the banks of the Tigris in June 363. Rome had to cede its lands around Nisibis to Persia and conclude a humiliating treaty. These events correspond to the Egyptian war of the 7th and 9th years of the reign of Pharaoh Amenhotep II in northern Syria, when the ruler of Kadesh was forced to swear allegiance to the Pharaoh. After another defeat, the rulers of Naharina and Hattusa were forced to pay a large tribute to Pharaoh Amenhotep II. The results of the Pharaoh's victory are stamped on the Memphis Stele we are talking about the capture of 101 thousand prisoners [15].
The author believes that the war of 361–363 was between the allies-Rome and Persia on the one hand and Egypt on the other. Egypt defeated the allied forces and seized huge loot, claiming possession of Syria, Mesopotamia, as well as the Caucasus and the Caspian region, including the southern Volga region.
According to the author's reconstruction [5–10], in 378–379, the events of the Exodus took place, when the Israelites fled to Europe from Lower Egypt on the Island of Akhtuba and the city Itil/Memphis. In traditional historiography, the migration is described as an invasion of the Goths and Huns. In one of the battles, the Emperor Valens, whom we identify with the Khagan Budimir/ Balamber, was killed. His son Arbat aka the future Emperor Theodosius the Great, came to power. During the Exodus Arbat received the title Dux Moesiae/ Leader Moses, who became a household name for Moses. In the Egyptian chronicles, these events are described as an unsuccessful campaign of Thutmose IV to the very north of Mitanni, as a result of which he was forced to make peace with the King Artadama aka Arbat. The contract was sealed by marriage with the daughter of Arbat/ Theodosius. In 390 Arbat / Theodosius installed the Obelisk of Pharaoh Thutmose III on Hippodrome. The Egyptian chronicles say that the Pharaoh additionally established friendly relations with the Persian King.
In parallel with the exodus or "invasion" of the Goths and Huns, New Rome was forced to withdraw troops from Armenia and Syria, which led to the alleged seizure of territory by the Persians under the rule of King Chosroes IV. In fact, this territory should have been controlled by the Pharaoh Thutmose IV. Traditionally, these twists and turns are called "The First Partition of Armenia". The author believes that the existence of an independent Armenia in that era is extremely unlikely, and we are dealing with a set of nationalist historians.
The period of peace between New Rome, Egypt, and Persia ended in 420–422. The army of Flavius Ardabur laid siege to Nisibis, [18] while, according to the story of Movses Khorenatsi, the Persian troops under the personal leadership of Bahram V besieged the city for thirty days Theodosiopolis. Then peace was made, confirming the status quo. However, the chronicles of Egypt say that Pharaoh Amenhotep III at the end of his reign sent an army to his ally from Mitanni to repel the Hattusa in the Orontes region (the border of Turkey and Syria). The author believes that we are talking about the same events [15].
Then until 502 there were no military clashes between New Rome and the Sasanids, although in 440 there may have been a military incident or it was invented by the participants of the complot. The annals of Egypt are silent about the wars in Syria and Mesopotamia of this period, as all the surrounding countries paid tribute to Egypt and recognized its superiority.
In 484–486 there was a Samaritan revolt in Palestine, which was suppressed by New Rome. The Egyptian chronicles of the reign of Pharaoh Seti I refer to the suppression of the revolt in Palestine and the attack on Kadesh. The author believes that in fact Egypt controlled New Rome, but in historiography the events with the victories of the Egyptians are described as the achievements of the Emperor Zeno. Around 500s Egypt was ruled by Pharaoh Seti I, and then Ramesses II. Powerful Pharaohs in the Temple of Abydos created a list of ancestors, fixing the basics of Egyptian chronology.
In the second year of the reign of Ramesses II or in 502 there was an invasion of the Sherdens is the People of the Sea [20]. The attackers were defeated, but then became the Pharaoh's mercenary army. Figure No. 2 shows Sherdens on sailing boats with round shields and horns on their helmets. The author claims that the Peoples of the Sea are the well-known Vikings and Varangians from Bithynia and Khazaria, who attacked Egypt and were hired by Ramesses II. The Vikings will serve the Pharaohs as a guard for many decades.

Mural from the Temple of Ramesses II - in the second year of the reign or really in 502, there was an invasion of the pirates of the Sherdans - the People of the Sea.



Figure No. 2. Drawing of the mural with the "People of the Sea" - at the bottom right, pirate warriors on boats with round shields and horns on their helmets.



Ordinary Vikings and Varangians, on the right an "ancient" Egyptian figure of a warrior of the "People of the Sea".

In 502–506 the Roman-Persian or Anastasian War took place. They say that the Emperor Anastasius twice refused to pay tribute to Kavad I, so the Persians attacked Theodosiopolis and Amida in 502. The Byzantines sent three corps, which fought with varying success, until in 505 they concluded a truce, and in 506 they signed a Peace Treaty. As a result Anastasius was forced to pay the Persians a large amount of gold [19]. The Egyptian chronicles described the "Persian" war in detail. At the beginning of the reign of Ramesses II, in the 4th year of his reign (504), troops were sent to Syria to repel the Hittites. In 505 the Battle of Kadesh on the Orontes took place. The Hittite army consisted of a variety of mercenaries. The opponents bled each other out, and as a result, a Peace Treaty was concluded, according to which the Egyptians returned home with honor. The war is described in the Poem of Pentaur [21]. The text of the peace treaty is preserved on the walls of the Karnak Temple. It is also claimed that the text of the treaty in the Hittite language was found in 1906 in the Bogazkoy Archive [22]. The texts were deciphered by Bedřich Hrozný in 1915. The author believes that the artifacts of the Bogazkoy Archive, as well as the tablets of the Peace Treaty of Ramesses II with the Hittites, are a new replica and a forgery of the participants of the historical complex. Accordingly, the Roman-Persian War of 502–506 is actually the war of Egypt with New Rome. The Sasanids remained within the traditional territory of Persia and India for many decades and centuries, and the Pharaohs of the New Kingdom dominated Rome and Byzantium in the period 240–640.
In 526–532 there were military clashes in Georgia and Armenia between Byzantine and Persian troops. As a result of another "victory" of the Romans, Constantinople was forced to pay a tribute to the Persians in the amount of 11 thousand pounds of gold. There is no information about these clashes in the Egyptian chronicles.
In 541–562 there was a Civil War between Constantinople and Persia for control of part of the territory of Georgia. As a result of the" victory", the Romans gained control of Lazica, but were forced to pay an annual tribute to the Persians. The Egyptians have no information about these clashes.
Synchronization of the chronicles of Rome and Egypt is also possible for several astronomical elements. In particular, the Temple of Hathor has two Zodiacs (the Round and Long Zodiac of Dendera). According to the historian N. A. Morozov and our reconstruction of history [5–10], the dating of the beginning of the construction of the Temple of Hathor under Ramesses II corresponds to 540, and the construction of the second stage of the Temple under Pharaoh Merneptah dates back to 568.

The text of the Peace Treaty with the Hittites in Egypt. It is clearly visible that the text of the agreement has been redacted (the destruction of individual phrases) by the participants of the historical complot.



A tablet of the supposedly ancient Peace Treaty of the Hittites with the Egyptians from the Bogazkoy archive (found in 1906). A new fake model.

In 572–591 the Iranian-Byzantine War for Nisibis took place. During the war, Shah Khosrow II Parviz escaped from his rebellious troops to Byzantium in 589 and after the joint victory of the Romans and Persians over the rebels in 591, he returned to the throne of Persia. In the Egyptian chronicles of Pharaoh Merneptah, these events are described as an uprising in Asia in the 6th and 7th years of the reign, i.e. in 572–574. In the annals, it is noted that Merneptah helped the Hittites with troops and sent bread to the starving. It is noted that Merneptah defeated the People of the Sea, who began to serve him as mercenaries. During the reign of the Pharaoh Israel is mentioned for the first time in history (The Merneptah Stele). According to the author's reconstruction, Egypt was attacked by Vikings and Varangians on boats, representing part of the troops of Israel or the Great Bulgaria of the Khagan Bayan. A few decades later Khagan Kubrat managed to create a Great Israel or Great Bulgaria of the VII century.
In 602–628 the Iranian-Byzantine War took place, affecting vast areas of Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Palestine and North Africa [23]. This time we are talking about the real attack of the Persians in 602 on the territory of Byzantium and Egypt after the illegal accession of the Emperor Phocas. The offensive continued after the ascension to the throne of the Emperor Heraclius in 610, whom the author identifies with the Khagan Kubrat [5–10]. Already in 611 the Persians invaded Syria, and in 614 Palestine fell. In 615 the conquest of Egypt began, and in 618 Egypt came under the control of the Sasanids. In 622 Heraclius / Kubrat assumed command, but it was not until 628 that the war ended in a Byzantine victory, when Shah Khosrow II Parviz was executed by the rebels.
Egyptian sources have described this war in detail during the reigns of Queen Twosret, the Pharaohs Setnakhte and Ramesses III. In 602 the Syrian Irsu appeared who rebelled in Syria and Palestine and attacked Egypt in order to seize the throne [24]. With the accession of Ramesses III in 606 Egypt began to fight against the Persian invaders. In the 8th and 11th years of his reign, military companies in Palestine and Syria are described. First the Pharaoh repelled the attack People of the Sea – the Vikings/Israelites then fought with the Persians. According to the Byzantine chronicles, Egypt was conquered in 618. Therefore, no earlier than 618 a military operation to liberate Egypt is possible, when the Egyptians fought together with the Byzantine army against the Sasanids. After the expulsion of the Persians in the 630s, the Egyptian annals [25] speak of sending a multi-year expedition to Punt/Pont (Pontus) for copper.
According to the author's reconstruction [5–7], the expedition of Ramesses III was sent through the Greek area – Attica [25] to the Pontus – Black Sea, then the ships on the Don rose to the portage to the Volga/Ra/Itil, crossed the Volga and sailed to the Urals. Several tens of thousands of copper ingots were produced in the Southern Ural mines. The Egyptians purchased the local goods of the Bulgar and Khazaria (Mitanni or Naharina country) and returned home safely with the copper after a couple of years of travel. It is possible that the Emperor Heraclius / Khagan Kubrat gave permission for this expedition to his military ally in the coalition against the Sasanids.
A brief respite between the wars for Egypt ended with an attack by the Arabs under the command of Amr ibn al-As in 640. The author believes that the Arabs conquered the northern part of Egypt – its Delta, but the deep Nomes of the country retained their independence. In 658 Amr ibn al-As again conquered Egypt and became the Governor of the country. After that came the time for victories and the conquest of territories of Egypt by the Umayyad Caliphate, which was replaced by the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate in the 750s. After 640 Ancient Egypt began to degrade and disintegrated into separate Nomes, which were ruled by weak Governors who called themselves Pharaohs and used ancient magnificent titles that had no relation to reality.
The last link between the chronicles of Rome and Egypt is an astronomical phenomenon – the Annular Solar Eclipse of the 98th Saros, which occurred on August 8, 891. This was the last year of the life of Pharaoh Osorkon and the 15th year of the reign of Pharaoh Takelot I. An interesting fact is for 40 years there was the only one Solar Eclipse observed in Egypt, so it got into the chronicles. The Pharaohs of the XXII dynasty were in fact the last rulers to retain ancient traditions and titles. The entire late history of Ancient Egypt is the result of fraud and the fruit of speculation by the participants of the scientific complot.

Figure No. 1. Map with the location of the Hittite Empire - the Byzantine Empire and the kingdom of Mitanni - Bulgar and Khazaria.



A mural from the tomb of Pharaoh Ramesses III, dated by the author to the 620s.



Drawing depicting the attack of the troops of Shah Khosrow II Parviz, a contemporary of Pharaoh Ramesses III, 620s.

Conclusions of our research: The author's analysis of the annals for the correspondence of the events of military companies and astronomical phenomena of Ancient and New Rome, Ancient Egypt and the Sasanian Empire made it possible to synchronize the chronicles of these countries and confirm the chronological shift in the history of Egypt by 1780 years and the complot of historians to disguise the deeds of the New Kingdom of Egypt behind the non-existent activity of Persia. Most of the military campaigns studied in the 230–628 were fought between the Pharaohs of the New Kingdom of Egypt and Byzantium, and in part of the wars, the Romans and Egyptians acted as allies against the Sasanian Empire. The New Kingdom fell to Persia only in the last war of 602–628. The author attests to the political and military dominance of the New Kingdom of Egypt over New Rome in the period 330–628, when the territories of North Africa, the Nile Delta, Palestine, Syria and Mesopotamia belonged to Egypt, with the exception of some coastal cities.

Pr. Dr. Valeriy Viktorovich Kubarev. 06–29.03.2021.

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